Biography of Sunan Kalijaga
Because of his actions, his father then 'held a trial' to try Joko Said and ask the reason for his actions. The opportunity was not wasted by Joko Said to tell his father that, for religious reasons, he strongly opposed his father's policy of piling food in the barn while his people lived in poverty and hunger.
His father could not accept this reason because he considered Joko Said wants to hunt him in religious matters. Therefore, his father then drove him out of the palace of the duchy, saying that he should only go home if it is able to vibrate the whole Tuban with the recitation of the Holy Qur'an.
The purpose of 'to shake the whole Tuban' here is When he already has a lot of religious knowledge and is widely known to the public because of his knowledge.
The famous narrative then tells that after being expelled from the duchy court, Joko Said turned into a famous and feared robber in East Java. As a Robber, Joko Said always 'selects' his victims carefully. He only robs a rich man who does not want to issue zakat and alms.
From the results of his robbery, most of it always he distributed to the poor. This story may be similar to Robin Hood's story in England. But that is the famous narration of him. It is estimated that when this robber, he was given the title 'Lokajaya' meaning more or less 'Budiman Robber'.
Everything changed when Lokajaya alias Joko Said met a scholar, Sheikh Maulana Makhdum Ibrahim aka Sunan Bonang. It is Sunan Bonang who then tells him that good deeds can not be preceded by bad deeds - something that can not be confused with something so bad that Joko Said alias Lokajaya repents and stops being a robber.
Joko Said then studied with Sunan Bonang Until finally known as ulama with the title of 'Sunan Kalijaga'.
History The name 'Kalijaga'
This question remains a mystery and cross-matter of opinion among historians to this day. Cirebon people argue that the name comes from the village of Kalijaga in Cirebon. Sunan Kalijaga indeed lived in Cirebon and was a close friend of Sunan Gunung Jati.
This is related to Congwong's wong custom to designate a person with his native land-like Sunan Gunung Jati's title for Shaykh Sharif Hidayatullah, because he lives at the foot of Mount Teak
The facts show that there are no 'times' around the village of Kalijaga as a typical of the village. In fact, places in Java are generally named with something that is the hallmark of the place. For example the name Cirebon caused by the number of rebon (shrimp), or the name of Pekalongan because of the many bats (Bats).
The logic, the name 'Dusun Kalijaga' it actually comes after Sunan Kalijaga own living in the hamlet. Therefore, the claim of the Cirebon Society is less acceptable.
Other narrations come from the Javanese Mystics (Kejawen). They associate this name with the fondness of this guardian soaking in the river (times) so that it looks like someone who is "guarding times". Other Kejawen histories mention this name because Joko Said was once told to be imprisoned on the edge of the river by Sunan Bonang for ten years.
This last opinion is the most popular. This opinion was even raised in the film 'Sunan Kalijaga' and 'Walisongo' in the 80s. I myself am less in agreement with these two opinions.
Syntactically, in the grammars of Java (Sundanese and Javanese) and all dialects, when there is a phrase that places the noun in front of the verb, it means that The noun applies as the subject that becomes the actor of the verb that follows it. So if there is a phrase 'guard time' or 'jogo time' it means there is 'a time that keeps things'.
This is certainly very awkward and unreasonable. If it is true that the name is derived from the Sunan habits of kungkum at times or because he has kept a one-time non-stop for ten years (as in the film), then his name should be "Sunan Jogo Kali" or "Sunan Jaga Kali".
Then logically, please think carefully. Can a preacher spend his time in the river all the time? Of course not. As a da'i who loves Islam and his Shi'ar, there are certainly many useful things he can do.
The history of Kejawen that he imprisoned for ten years non-stop on the edge of time is also a history that does not enter Sense. How can a pious cleric continue to meditate without praying, fasting, even without eating and drinking? Therefore, in my opinion, the two narrations are narrated and can not be scientifically justified.
The fact of the name 'Kalijaga'
The most plausible opinion is that in fact the name ' Guard 'is derived from the Arabic "Qadli" and its own original name,' Joko Said ', so the original phrase is' Qadli Joko Said' (Meaning Judge Joko Said). History records that when Demak District (Guardianship) was established in 1478, he was assigned as Qadli (judge) in Demak by Wali Demak at the time, Sunan Giri.
The Javanese have a strong history of 'deviation' Arabic words such as Sekaten (from 'Syahadatain'), Kalimosodo (from 'Kalimah Syahadah'), Mulud (from Mawlid), Suro (from Shura '), Dulkangidah (from Dzulqaidah), and many other terms. So it is not strange that the phrase "Qadli Joko" is then distorted into 'Kalijogo' or 'Kalijaga'.
Qadli position held by Kalijaga aka joko Said is proof that Demak is a governmental area running Sharia. This is reinforced by Sunan Giri's position as Wali in Demak. The terms 'Qadli' and 'Guardians' are names of positions within the Islamic State. From this it is very clear who Sunan Kalijaga is; He is a Qadli, not a practitioner of Kejawenism.
Da'wah Sunan Kalijaga is the Da'wah of Islam, Not Da'wah Kejawen or Sufi-Pantheistik
We return to Sunan Kalijaga aka Sunan Qadli Joko. History tells the story that the life of Sunan Kalijaga is estimated to reach more than 100 years. This means that he experienced the end of Majapahit rule in 1478, the Sultanate of Demak, the Sultanate of Cirebon, the Sultanate of Banten, even to the Kingdom of Pajang (born in 1546) and the beginning of the Mataram Kingdom. If this history is true, then the life of Sunan Kalijaga is a long period of life.
Old manuscripts and chapters apparently only mentioned his name until the time of the Cirebon Sultanate, that is, until the time he settled in the hamlet Kalijaga. In the stories of the founding of the Kingdom of Pajang by Jaka Tingkir and the Kingdom of Mataram by Panembahan Senopati, his name is no longer mentioned.
The logic is that if he was alive then he would be involved in the question of Imamat in Java (19459002)
The facts show that his grave is in Kadilangu, near Demak, not in Pajang or in Mataram (Yogyakarta and surrounding areas) -the places where Kejawen thrives. My estimates, he died when Demak was still standing.
The vanity stories tell a lot of strange stories about Sunan Kalijaga - in addition to the story of a ten-year retreat by the river. Some strange stories that, among other things, that he can fly, can bring down the rain with pounding feet, encircling lightning called Ki Ageng Selo in the Demak Mosque and other stories that when we think with non-intellectual reason can not possibly get into the brain human. Such strange stories can only be trusted by the madman who likes magic.
Sunan Kalijaga's teachings seem syncretistic and Hindu-Buddhist and Kejawen. Yet the facts about the life of Sunan Kalijaga is the beautiful Da'wah and Shi'ar Islam. The proof is very much. Sunan Kalijaga is the designer of the Great Mosque of Cirebon and the Great Mosque of Demak.
The "tatal" pole (one of the main pillars of the mosque is the creation of the Sunan Kalijaga heritage). How could a mystic Javanese kejawen want to establish a mosque that is clearly a place of Islamic worship.
Sunan Kalijaga religious understanding is salafi - not a Sufi-pantheistic ala Javanese motto of 'Manunggaling Kawula Gusti' . This is evident from his assertiveness which is in the row of Sunan Giri when there is a dispute in the matter of 'infidelity' Sheikh Siti Jenar with his teachings that humans and God united in the same essence
Art and culture is only the means chosen by Sunan Kalijaga in dakwah. He is very tolerant of local culture. But he also has a firm attitude in the matter of creed. As long as culture is still transitive and not contrary to Islamic teachings, he accepts it.
Old-fashioned Javanese puppets that portray a detailed human image transformed into a vague shadow puppet and not very similar to a human image, because of his knowledge that drawing And imaging something human-like in the teachings of Islam is haram law.
The story that goes on tells us that he often travels in and out of the village just to hold a wayang kulit show with himself as his mastermind. All who witnessed the puppet show was not asked for a fee, only asked to say two kalimah shahada. He argued that society should be approached gradually.
First Islam first with the shahadah further developed in terms of worship and knowledge of Islam. Sunan Kalijaga believes that if Islam is understood, its own old habits are lost. The plays performed by Sunan Kalijaga in the performances are not Hindu plays of Mahabharata, Ramayana, and others. Although the characters he uses are the same (Pandawa, Kurawa, etc.).
He composed his own plays, such as Kalimasada Layang, Lakon Petruk So King who all have a strong Islamic spirit. The characters of the puppet he brought, he added with new characters that have the breath of Islam. For example, the Punakawan characters consisting of Semar, Bagong, Petruk, and Gareng are characters loaded with Islamic content.
The term in puppet refers to Arabic:
- The term 'Dalang' comes from Arabic, 'Dalla' which means to show. In this case, a 'Dalang' is someone who 'shows truth to the wayang audience'. Mandalla'alal Khari Kafa'ilihi (Whoever shows the way of truth or virtue to others, the reward is the same as the doer of virtue itself -Sahih Bukhari)
- The 'Semar' character is taken from Arabic, 'Simaar' which means Paku. In this case, a Muslim has a firm stance and faith like a fixed nail, Simaaruddunyaa.
- The character 'Petruk' is taken from Arabic, 'Fat-ruff' which means 'leave'. That is, a Muslim leaves all worship to other than Allah, Fatruuk-kuluu man siwallaahi.
- The character 'Gareng' is taken from Arabic, 'Qariin' which means 'friend'. That is, a Muslim always tries to make friends as much as possible to be invited to the good, Nalaa Qaarin.
- The character of 'Bagong' is taken from Arabic, 'Baghaa' which means 'rebel'. That is, a Muslim always rebels when he sees injustice.
The art of sculpture, wayang, gamelan, shirt, celebrating celebration, grebeg maulud, and the art of bamboo which he creates is a means of dakwah, not a culture that needs to be taught to rust in the heart and is considered as a mahdhah worship. He viewed it all as a mere method, a very effective method of propagation of his time.
Philosophically, this is the same as the Prophet's preaching which relies on the beauty of the Qur'anic verse as an effective method of da'wah in conquering the hearts of the tribes. (19459002)
It is undeniable that the habit of going in and out of the village and providing free entertainment to the people, through various artistic performances, also has the same philosophical value as the usual activities of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab Who likes to go in and out of villages to monitor people and provide live entertainment to the people who need them.
This equation strengthens the evidence that Sunan Kalijaga is the leader of the people who have the character, traits and traits of leadership common to true Islamic leaders , Not a Javanese expert.
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